Civil wrong aur criminal offence dono “galat kaam” lagte hain, lekin law ke liye inka nature alag hota hai. Civil wrong jaise contract breach, property dispute, compensation claim – inka main focus hota hai “loss ya damage” ko compensate karna. Yaha usually ek private party dusri private party ke against case file karti hai.
Criminal offence ka main objective hota hai society ko protect karna. Jaise theft, assault, cheating, rape, murder – inme State (police/prosecution) case chalati hai, kyunki yeh acts public order aur safety ke against hote hain. Yaha punishment me jail, fine, ya dono ho sakte hain.
Civil cases me normally imprisonment nahi hoti; yaha damages, injunctions, specific performance jaise remedies milte hain. Criminal cases me standard of proof bhi zyada strict hota hai – “beyond reasonable doubt”. Civil me “preponderance of probabilities” se kaam chal jata hai.
Kayi situations me ek hi act civil + criminal dono ho sakta hai. Example: kisi ne paisa liya, wapas nahi kiya, documents forged kiye – to aap civil suit for recovery + criminal complaint for cheating/forgery dono file kar sakte ho.
Difference samajhna zaroori hai, taki aap sahi forum aur sahi remedy choose kar sako.